Stoicism
An ancient Greek and Roman philosophy that teaches people to stay calm and brave, even when bad things happen.
What is it?
Stoicism was a school of philosophy that started in Greece around 300 BCE. Stoics believed that you should not let your emotions control you. Instead, you should focus on what you can control and accept what you cannot. The story of Arria and Paetus is a Stoic story: Arria faces death without fear, showing that she is in control of her emotions. The story of Pylades and Orestes also shows Stoic ideas: the friends face their fate with calm and loyalty. In Vincent's painting Arria and Paetus, Arria's calm expression and steady hand as she offers the dagger embody Stoic virtue. In Petrarch and Ariosto, Rinaldo's decision to leave Armida shows Stoic self-control: he puts duty above emotion. The painting Petrarch and Ariosto illustrates Stoic ideals through Rinaldo's choice to prioritize his mission over his feelings for Armida.
Why it matters
Stoicism has influenced many people throughout history, from Roman emperors to modern thinkers. It teaches resilience and inner strength.
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斯多葛主义
一种古希腊和古罗马的哲学，教导人们在坏事发生时保持冷静和勇敢。
它是什么？
斯多葛主义是一种哲学学派，大约在公元前300年始于希腊。斯多葛学派认为，你不应该让情绪控制你。相反，你应该专注于你能控制的事情，接受你不能控制的事情。阿丽亚和帕埃图斯的故事就是一个斯多葛故事：阿丽亚面对死亡毫无恐惧，表明她控制了自己的情绪。皮拉得斯和奥瑞斯忒斯的故事也展示了斯多葛思想：朋友们冷静而忠诚地面对命运。在文森特的画作《阿丽亚和帕埃图斯》中，阿丽亚平静的表情和稳握匕首的手体现了斯多葛美德。在《彼特拉克和阿里奥斯托》中，里纳尔多离开阿米达的决定显示了斯多葛式的自我控制：他将责任置于情感之上。画作《彼特拉克和阿里奥斯托》通过里纳尔多选择优先考虑使命而非对阿米达的感情，阐释了斯多葛理想。
为什么重要
斯多葛主义影响了历史上许多人，从罗马皇帝到现代思想家。它教导人们坚韧和内在力量。
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